Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition characterized by the darkening of certain areas of the skin, which can occur in small patches, cover large areas, or affect the entire body. It results from an excess production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Various factors can trigger hyperpigmentation, including sun exposure, inflammation, hormonal changes (such as those during pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives), certain medications, and underlying medical conditions.

The condition can manifest as age spots, melasma, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation following acne or skin injury. While generally harmless, hyperpigmentation can be a cosmetic concern for many individuals. Treatment options include topical creams containing ingredients like hydroquinone, retinoids, or vitamin C, as well as dermatological procedures like chemical peels, laser therapy, and microdermabrasion. Preventive measures, such as using sunscreen and protective clothing, are crucial in managing and reducing the risk of hyperpigmentation.